Desegregating American Society
1) Jim Crow Laws created separate social arrangements that
effect Af. Am. in what 3 ways?
African Americans were forced to use separate public toilets, drinking fountains, restraints, and waiting rooms. They were also forced to sit in "colored only" seats on buses. Television networks also blocked out black speakers in political conventions.
2) What examples does the book list to support this
statement, “everywhere I go in the south the Negro is forced to choose between
his hide and his soul”?
Six black veterans were murdered in 1946 and a fourteen year old was lynched by a mob.
3) Who were Wendell Willkie and Gunnar Myrdal and what
effect did they have.?
Wendell Wilkie was a defeated Republican candidate for president who wrote OneWorld which advocated a postwar era of racially blind universalism. Gunnar Myrdal was an author who wrote An American Dilemma, which awoken the national conscience.
4) How did WWII effect the attitudes of Af. Am.?
A new militancy and restlessness among the black community. The NAACP achieved some success to end segregation. In the Supreme Court case Sweat v Painter ruled that separate political for African Americans was unlawful.
5) Who and what was the NAACP?
The NAACP was the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. They fought to end segregation and achieved some success. Supreme Court justice Thurgood Marshall attained the ruling that separate professional schools for blacks was unlawful.
6) Rosa Parks role in the Civil Rts movement?
Rosa Parks boarded a bus and refused to give up her seat to a white person. Her stand against segregation led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
7) Who was Dr. King?
He led the Montgomery Bus Boycott and led the resistance agaisnt segregation known as peaceful resistance, based off the teachings of Mohnadas Gandhi.
8) What was the “To Secure These Rights” report?
It was written by President Truman following the lynching of black war veterans in 1946. In 1948, Truman ended segregation in federal civil service and orded equality in the armed forces.
9) Brown v. Board of Edu
The ruling stated that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. It reversed the Court's previous decision in the case Plessy v. Ferguson.
10) “Declaration of Constitutional Principles”
It was a pledge made by the Deep South who resisted the Supreme Court's annulment of "seperate but equal." A hundred southern congressional representatives and senators signed this Declaration to resist desegregation.
11) Ike and civil rits
Eisenhower refussed to use his popularity to aid civil rights during his presidency. He himself grew up in a very segregated society.
12) Little Rock Nine
In 1957, Eisenhower was forced to act to uphold the desegragation law. He sent the National Guard to escort nine black students to class at Little Rock's Central High School after the governor of Arkansas attempted to prevent them from enrolling.
13) Civil Rights Act
It established a permanent Civil RIghts Commision to investigate violations of civil rights and authorized federal injunctions to protect voting rights.
14) SCLC
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference, formed by MLKJ, it aimed to mobolize the vast power of black churches on behalf of black rights.
15) Sit ins
It was a movement launched in February 1, 1960 that began after 4 black students demanded service at a white only lunch counter.
16) SNCC
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committe formed after the sit in incident; it sought to give more focus and force to the sit in effort.
The Struggle for Civil rights
17) Kennedy –“with a stroke of a pen”
It was Kennedy's promise to eliminate racial discrimination in housing which eventually took him two years to fufill.
18) Freedom rides
They were groups attempted to end segregation in facilities serving interstate bus passengers. A freedom ride bus was torched in Alabama in 1961.
19) Kennedy & MLK
Their relationship was mostly beneficial. SNCC and other civil rights groups inaugurated the Voter Education Project with the support from Robert Kennedy.
20) Voter Edu project
It was a project to register the South's historically disfranchised blacks.
21) James Meredith
He was a twenty nine year old air force veteran who encountered opposition when he attempted to register in 1952. He was aided by Kennedy who sent marshals and troops to enroll Meredith in his first class.
22) MLK in Birmingham
MLK led a campaign against segregation in Birmingham, the most segregated town in America, in 1963. Though their demonstration was peaceful, civil rights marchers were repelled by police with brutal force.
23) MLK march to Washington
It occured in August 1963. King led 200,000 black and white demonstrators in a peaceful march on washington.
Battling for Black Rights
24) Civil rights Act 1964
It gave the federal government more power to enforce school desegregation and enabled them to prohibit racial discrimination in all kinds of public accommodations and empoyment.
25) Prevent af. Am. voting
In Mississippi, blacks made up the largest minority of any state, yet only 5 percent were eligible to vote. Literacy tests, poll tax, and intimidation were all tactics used to prevent black voting.
26) 24th amendment
It abolished the poll tax in federal elections.
27) MLK in Selma
He led a voter registration campaign in Selma. Though the marchers were peaceful, they were met with violent resistance from state troopers.
28) Voting Rights act 1965
It outlawed literacy tests and sent federal voter registrars into several southern states.
29) Watts Riot
Enraged by police brutality, blacks burned and looted their own neighborhoods for nearly a week.
30) Malcolm X
He was a charismatic preacher how trumpeted black seperatism. He eventually moved towards mainstream Islam.
31) Black Panther Party
They were a violent group who openly brandished weapons in Oakland California.
32) “burn, Baby burn”
It refers to riots that erupted in black ghettos across American cities, such as Newark, Detroit, and Los Angeles.
33) Not just a “southern” question.
The riots made white Americans threaten retalliation against People in the north believed that the fighting would stay in the south.
34) Death of MLK
He was assasinated in April 1968.
1) Jim Crow Laws created separate social arrangements that
effect Af. Am. in what 3 ways?
African Americans were forced to use separate public toilets, drinking fountains, restraints, and waiting rooms. They were also forced to sit in "colored only" seats on buses. Television networks also blocked out black speakers in political conventions.
2) What examples does the book list to support this
statement, “everywhere I go in the south the Negro is forced to choose between
his hide and his soul”?
Six black veterans were murdered in 1946 and a fourteen year old was lynched by a mob.
3) Who were Wendell Willkie and Gunnar Myrdal and what
effect did they have.?
Wendell Wilkie was a defeated Republican candidate for president who wrote OneWorld which advocated a postwar era of racially blind universalism. Gunnar Myrdal was an author who wrote An American Dilemma, which awoken the national conscience.
4) How did WWII effect the attitudes of Af. Am.?
A new militancy and restlessness among the black community. The NAACP achieved some success to end segregation. In the Supreme Court case Sweat v Painter ruled that separate political for African Americans was unlawful.
5) Who and what was the NAACP?
The NAACP was the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. They fought to end segregation and achieved some success. Supreme Court justice Thurgood Marshall attained the ruling that separate professional schools for blacks was unlawful.
6) Rosa Parks role in the Civil Rts movement?
Rosa Parks boarded a bus and refused to give up her seat to a white person. Her stand against segregation led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
7) Who was Dr. King?
He led the Montgomery Bus Boycott and led the resistance agaisnt segregation known as peaceful resistance, based off the teachings of Mohnadas Gandhi.
8) What was the “To Secure These Rights” report?
It was written by President Truman following the lynching of black war veterans in 1946. In 1948, Truman ended segregation in federal civil service and orded equality in the armed forces.
9) Brown v. Board of Edu
The ruling stated that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. It reversed the Court's previous decision in the case Plessy v. Ferguson.
10) “Declaration of Constitutional Principles”
It was a pledge made by the Deep South who resisted the Supreme Court's annulment of "seperate but equal." A hundred southern congressional representatives and senators signed this Declaration to resist desegregation.
11) Ike and civil rits
Eisenhower refussed to use his popularity to aid civil rights during his presidency. He himself grew up in a very segregated society.
12) Little Rock Nine
In 1957, Eisenhower was forced to act to uphold the desegragation law. He sent the National Guard to escort nine black students to class at Little Rock's Central High School after the governor of Arkansas attempted to prevent them from enrolling.
13) Civil Rights Act
It established a permanent Civil RIghts Commision to investigate violations of civil rights and authorized federal injunctions to protect voting rights.
14) SCLC
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference, formed by MLKJ, it aimed to mobolize the vast power of black churches on behalf of black rights.
15) Sit ins
It was a movement launched in February 1, 1960 that began after 4 black students demanded service at a white only lunch counter.
16) SNCC
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committe formed after the sit in incident; it sought to give more focus and force to the sit in effort.
The Struggle for Civil rights
17) Kennedy –“with a stroke of a pen”
It was Kennedy's promise to eliminate racial discrimination in housing which eventually took him two years to fufill.
18) Freedom rides
They were groups attempted to end segregation in facilities serving interstate bus passengers. A freedom ride bus was torched in Alabama in 1961.
19) Kennedy & MLK
Their relationship was mostly beneficial. SNCC and other civil rights groups inaugurated the Voter Education Project with the support from Robert Kennedy.
20) Voter Edu project
It was a project to register the South's historically disfranchised blacks.
21) James Meredith
He was a twenty nine year old air force veteran who encountered opposition when he attempted to register in 1952. He was aided by Kennedy who sent marshals and troops to enroll Meredith in his first class.
22) MLK in Birmingham
MLK led a campaign against segregation in Birmingham, the most segregated town in America, in 1963. Though their demonstration was peaceful, civil rights marchers were repelled by police with brutal force.
23) MLK march to Washington
It occured in August 1963. King led 200,000 black and white demonstrators in a peaceful march on washington.
Battling for Black Rights
24) Civil rights Act 1964
It gave the federal government more power to enforce school desegregation and enabled them to prohibit racial discrimination in all kinds of public accommodations and empoyment.
25) Prevent af. Am. voting
In Mississippi, blacks made up the largest minority of any state, yet only 5 percent were eligible to vote. Literacy tests, poll tax, and intimidation were all tactics used to prevent black voting.
26) 24th amendment
It abolished the poll tax in federal elections.
27) MLK in Selma
He led a voter registration campaign in Selma. Though the marchers were peaceful, they were met with violent resistance from state troopers.
28) Voting Rights act 1965
It outlawed literacy tests and sent federal voter registrars into several southern states.
29) Watts Riot
Enraged by police brutality, blacks burned and looted their own neighborhoods for nearly a week.
30) Malcolm X
He was a charismatic preacher how trumpeted black seperatism. He eventually moved towards mainstream Islam.
31) Black Panther Party
They were a violent group who openly brandished weapons in Oakland California.
32) “burn, Baby burn”
It refers to riots that erupted in black ghettos across American cities, such as Newark, Detroit, and Los Angeles.
33) Not just a “southern” question.
The riots made white Americans threaten retalliation against People in the north believed that the fighting would stay in the south.
34) Death of MLK
He was assasinated in April 1968.