Chapter #35: IDENTIFICATIONS
A. Philip Randolph - He was a Blackleader and the head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.
George S. Patton - He was a general in World War 2 who led the allied invasion across the French countryside on d day.
Albert Einstein - He was a German scientist who was responsible for developing the atomic bomb.
Office of Price Administration - It's job was to regulate prices.
Fair Employment Practice Commission - It was set up to ensure that there was no discrimination of blacks in defense industries.
V-E Day - Victory in Europe Day. It was on March 8, 1945, the day after Germany surrendered.
Manhattan Project - It was the name for the secret project to develop the first atomic bomb.
Braceros - They were Mexican immigrants who came to America to harvest crops.
Chapter #35: Guided Reading Questions
The Allies Trade Space for Time
Know: Germany First
1. "America's task was far more complex and back-breaking [in World War II] than in World War I." Explain.
What it needed most was time to prepare. It had to feed, clothe, and arme itself, wll while hoping that Axis powers wouldnt first defeat the allies or develop unbeatable methods of war. It also had to support the allies by sending food and munitions to the USSR and Australia.
The Shock of War
Know: Axis Powers, Internment Camps, Korematsu v. U.S.
2. How did the war affect liberal ideals and goals at home?
Anti japanese sentiment plagued america and caused it to act with prejudice towards japanese americans. In the SUpreme Court case Korematsu v US, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Japanese relocation.
Building the War Machine
Know: War Production Board, War Labor Board
3. What effects did the war have on manufacturing, agriculture and labor?
the War Production Board stopped the manufacture of nonessentail items and focussed on priorities for transportation and raw materials. Farmers put out increased amounts of product. The Smith Connally Anti Strike Act authorized the government to seize and operate tied up industries.
Makers of America: The Japanese
Know: Matthew Perry, Meiji Government, Picture Brides, Gentleman's Agreement, Issei, Nissei
4. In what way can it be said that the reason's for Japanese immigrants' success also caused them trouble?
The Japanese immigrants found success because they were good at agricultural. Thic could have also caused hostilities to arise from nativists who disliked seeing immigrants as a cheap source of labor.
Manpower and Womanpower
Know: WAACS, WAVES, SPARS, GI, Braceros, Rosie the Riveter
5. What opportunities were opened to women as a result of the war?
About 260000 women were employed for noncombat duties. THey were called women in arms. More than 6 million women also found jobs in factories which led tp the government establishing day care centers for their children.
Wartime Migrations
Know: A. Philip Randolph, Fair Employment Practices Commission, Double V,CORE, Code Talkers, Zoot Suit Riots
6. What effect did the war have on the nation's minorities?
A great number of African Americans left the South as a result of the cotton gin which could do the work of 50 people at an eighth of the cost.
Holding the Homefront
7. What economic effects resulted from American participation in the war?
Corporate profits rose from about $6 million to almost twice that amount in four years. Overtime pay contributed to more money for workers. War dollars swept throughout America.
The Rising Sun in the Pacific
Know: Douglas MacArthur, Bataan Death March
8. Describe Japanese victories in the Pacific in the months following Pearl Harbor.
The Japanese seized the British Chinese port of Hong Kong as well as British Malaya. They also took Burma and attacked China.They also took oil rich Dutch East Indies. General MacArthur led forces against the Japanese and Australlia.
Japan's High Tide at Midway
Know: Battle of the Coral Sea, Midway, Chester Nimitz
9. Why was Midway an important battle?
Along with the Batle fo the Coral Sea, it was a key battle in US victory. During the battle, the Japanese lost four vitally iimportant carriers. It halted further Japanese victory.
American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo
Know: Guadalcanal, Island Hopping, Guam
10. What strategy did the United States use to defeat the Japanese?
America leapfrogged over several Japanese held islands, bypassing the militarily strong ones and defeating the weak ones. The recently developed hellcat fighter plane nad the new technology of the antiaircraft proxiimity fuse contributed to America's defeat of the Japanese.
The Allied Halting of Hitler
Know: Wolf Packs, Enigma, Erwin Rommel, Bernard Montgomery, El Alamein, Battle of Stalingrad
11. "The war against Hitler looked much better at the end of 1942 than it had in the beginning." Explain.
By the end of WW2, British code breakers had cracked german codes and could pinpoint the locations of the uboats. In October 1942, British general bernard montgomery drove german troops back to tunisia before they could reach the suez canal.
A Second Front from North Africa to Rome
Know: Soft Underbelly of Europe, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Casablanca, Sicily
12. Describe the purpose and outcome of the Invasion of North Africa.
The purpose was to appease the SOviet Union, who wanted a second front for Germany to attack, so that they would not incur more damage than they already had. A joint Allied operation resulted in the surrender of the German Italian army.
D-Day: June 6, 1944
Know: Teheran, D-Day, Normandy, George Patton
13. Why could June 6, 1944 be considered THE turning point of the war?
It was the day in which the allies launched their most devestating attack on Germany. The Allies had mastered the air over France and bombed gasolene producing plants to weaken Germany. German defenders retreated after an American French force landed on the southern coast of France and swept northward.
FDR: The Fourth-Termite of 1944
Know: Thomas Dewey, Henry Wallace, Harry S Truman
14.Why was the choice of a vice-presidential candidate important and difficult for the democrats in 1944?
Henry A Wallace had been vice president for 4 years. Though he was popular among voters and delegates, the Democrats and eventually Roosevelt chose Senator Harry S Truman. Truman had previously conducted an investigation of the wasteful war expenditures and not much was known about him.
Roosevelt Defeats Dewey
Know: Fala
15. What factors led to Roosevelt's victory over Dewey?
The war was still going well and the people believed that it would be best to keep Roosevelt for future world peace. Dewey's running mate, John W. Bricker's isolationist policies also cast doubt in the American mind.
The Last Days of Hitler
Know: Battle of the Bulge, "Nuts," Elbe River, Holocaust, V-E Day
16. Describe the last six months of war in Europe.
In a last attempt, Hitler launched an attack on the Ardennes Forest, where allied troops were weak. Hitler hiped to capture the Belgian port, which was vital to allied supplies. Commander Brigadier General A C McAuliffe crushed the German troops at the Battle of the Bulge.
Japan Dies Hard
Know: Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Kamikazes
17. Explain the meaning of the title of this section.
American attacks on Japan were brutal in the final years of war. Fire bomb raids on Tokyodestroyed over 250000 buildings and killed about 83000 people. Kamikazes were suicide pilots who crashed their planes on invading American fleets.
The Atomic Bombs
Know: Potsdam, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Hirohito
18. What was the military impact of the atomic bomb?
After the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Stalin entered the war and overan Japanese defenses in Manchuria and Korea. On September 2, 1945, Japan formally surrendered.
The Allies Triumphant
Know: George Marshall
19. "This complex conflict was the best fought war in America's history." Explain
America was better prepaired for the war than any other nation. They had prepared for it a year and a half before war had begun. Competent industry, generals, and admirals greatly contributed to the successful American win.
Varying Viewpoints: The Atomic Bombs: Were They Justified?
20. What questions concerning WWII have historians attempted to answer?
They have attempted to answer the question of whether the atomic bombs dropped on Japan were justified or not.
A. Philip Randolph - He was a Blackleader and the head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.
George S. Patton - He was a general in World War 2 who led the allied invasion across the French countryside on d day.
Albert Einstein - He was a German scientist who was responsible for developing the atomic bomb.
Office of Price Administration - It's job was to regulate prices.
Fair Employment Practice Commission - It was set up to ensure that there was no discrimination of blacks in defense industries.
V-E Day - Victory in Europe Day. It was on March 8, 1945, the day after Germany surrendered.
Manhattan Project - It was the name for the secret project to develop the first atomic bomb.
Braceros - They were Mexican immigrants who came to America to harvest crops.
Chapter #35: Guided Reading Questions
The Allies Trade Space for Time
Know: Germany First
1. "America's task was far more complex and back-breaking [in World War II] than in World War I." Explain.
What it needed most was time to prepare. It had to feed, clothe, and arme itself, wll while hoping that Axis powers wouldnt first defeat the allies or develop unbeatable methods of war. It also had to support the allies by sending food and munitions to the USSR and Australia.
The Shock of War
Know: Axis Powers, Internment Camps, Korematsu v. U.S.
2. How did the war affect liberal ideals and goals at home?
Anti japanese sentiment plagued america and caused it to act with prejudice towards japanese americans. In the SUpreme Court case Korematsu v US, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Japanese relocation.
Building the War Machine
Know: War Production Board, War Labor Board
3. What effects did the war have on manufacturing, agriculture and labor?
the War Production Board stopped the manufacture of nonessentail items and focussed on priorities for transportation and raw materials. Farmers put out increased amounts of product. The Smith Connally Anti Strike Act authorized the government to seize and operate tied up industries.
Makers of America: The Japanese
Know: Matthew Perry, Meiji Government, Picture Brides, Gentleman's Agreement, Issei, Nissei
4. In what way can it be said that the reason's for Japanese immigrants' success also caused them trouble?
The Japanese immigrants found success because they were good at agricultural. Thic could have also caused hostilities to arise from nativists who disliked seeing immigrants as a cheap source of labor.
Manpower and Womanpower
Know: WAACS, WAVES, SPARS, GI, Braceros, Rosie the Riveter
5. What opportunities were opened to women as a result of the war?
About 260000 women were employed for noncombat duties. THey were called women in arms. More than 6 million women also found jobs in factories which led tp the government establishing day care centers for their children.
Wartime Migrations
Know: A. Philip Randolph, Fair Employment Practices Commission, Double V,CORE, Code Talkers, Zoot Suit Riots
6. What effect did the war have on the nation's minorities?
A great number of African Americans left the South as a result of the cotton gin which could do the work of 50 people at an eighth of the cost.
Holding the Homefront
7. What economic effects resulted from American participation in the war?
Corporate profits rose from about $6 million to almost twice that amount in four years. Overtime pay contributed to more money for workers. War dollars swept throughout America.
The Rising Sun in the Pacific
Know: Douglas MacArthur, Bataan Death March
8. Describe Japanese victories in the Pacific in the months following Pearl Harbor.
The Japanese seized the British Chinese port of Hong Kong as well as British Malaya. They also took Burma and attacked China.They also took oil rich Dutch East Indies. General MacArthur led forces against the Japanese and Australlia.
Japan's High Tide at Midway
Know: Battle of the Coral Sea, Midway, Chester Nimitz
9. Why was Midway an important battle?
Along with the Batle fo the Coral Sea, it was a key battle in US victory. During the battle, the Japanese lost four vitally iimportant carriers. It halted further Japanese victory.
American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo
Know: Guadalcanal, Island Hopping, Guam
10. What strategy did the United States use to defeat the Japanese?
America leapfrogged over several Japanese held islands, bypassing the militarily strong ones and defeating the weak ones. The recently developed hellcat fighter plane nad the new technology of the antiaircraft proxiimity fuse contributed to America's defeat of the Japanese.
The Allied Halting of Hitler
Know: Wolf Packs, Enigma, Erwin Rommel, Bernard Montgomery, El Alamein, Battle of Stalingrad
11. "The war against Hitler looked much better at the end of 1942 than it had in the beginning." Explain.
By the end of WW2, British code breakers had cracked german codes and could pinpoint the locations of the uboats. In October 1942, British general bernard montgomery drove german troops back to tunisia before they could reach the suez canal.
A Second Front from North Africa to Rome
Know: Soft Underbelly of Europe, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Casablanca, Sicily
12. Describe the purpose and outcome of the Invasion of North Africa.
The purpose was to appease the SOviet Union, who wanted a second front for Germany to attack, so that they would not incur more damage than they already had. A joint Allied operation resulted in the surrender of the German Italian army.
D-Day: June 6, 1944
Know: Teheran, D-Day, Normandy, George Patton
13. Why could June 6, 1944 be considered THE turning point of the war?
It was the day in which the allies launched their most devestating attack on Germany. The Allies had mastered the air over France and bombed gasolene producing plants to weaken Germany. German defenders retreated after an American French force landed on the southern coast of France and swept northward.
FDR: The Fourth-Termite of 1944
Know: Thomas Dewey, Henry Wallace, Harry S Truman
14.Why was the choice of a vice-presidential candidate important and difficult for the democrats in 1944?
Henry A Wallace had been vice president for 4 years. Though he was popular among voters and delegates, the Democrats and eventually Roosevelt chose Senator Harry S Truman. Truman had previously conducted an investigation of the wasteful war expenditures and not much was known about him.
Roosevelt Defeats Dewey
Know: Fala
15. What factors led to Roosevelt's victory over Dewey?
The war was still going well and the people believed that it would be best to keep Roosevelt for future world peace. Dewey's running mate, John W. Bricker's isolationist policies also cast doubt in the American mind.
The Last Days of Hitler
Know: Battle of the Bulge, "Nuts," Elbe River, Holocaust, V-E Day
16. Describe the last six months of war in Europe.
In a last attempt, Hitler launched an attack on the Ardennes Forest, where allied troops were weak. Hitler hiped to capture the Belgian port, which was vital to allied supplies. Commander Brigadier General A C McAuliffe crushed the German troops at the Battle of the Bulge.
Japan Dies Hard
Know: Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Kamikazes
17. Explain the meaning of the title of this section.
American attacks on Japan were brutal in the final years of war. Fire bomb raids on Tokyodestroyed over 250000 buildings and killed about 83000 people. Kamikazes were suicide pilots who crashed their planes on invading American fleets.
The Atomic Bombs
Know: Potsdam, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Hirohito
18. What was the military impact of the atomic bomb?
After the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Stalin entered the war and overan Japanese defenses in Manchuria and Korea. On September 2, 1945, Japan formally surrendered.
The Allies Triumphant
Know: George Marshall
19. "This complex conflict was the best fought war in America's history." Explain
America was better prepaired for the war than any other nation. They had prepared for it a year and a half before war had begun. Competent industry, generals, and admirals greatly contributed to the successful American win.
Varying Viewpoints: The Atomic Bombs: Were They Justified?
20. What questions concerning WWII have historians attempted to answer?
They have attempted to answer the question of whether the atomic bombs dropped on Japan were justified or not.