Chapter #37: IDENTIFICATIONS
Earl Warren- He was the chief justice of the Supreme Court. He tackled issues such as segregation, which led to the case of Brown v. Board of Education.
Rosa Parks- She was arrested for not giving up her seat on a bus to a white person.
Ho Chi Minh- He was the communist leader of the Democratic Republic party of Vietnam.
Ngo Dinh Diem- He was the pro-western leader of the southern half of Vietnam, divided at the seventeenth parallel.
Gamal Abdel Nasser- He was the president of Egypt during the Suez crisis.
Nikita Khruschev- He was the leader of the Soviet Union after Stalin.
Fidel Castro- He led a revolt that overthrew the pro US leadership of Batista. Many Cubans fled to the US following Castro coming into power.
Desegregation / integration- Eisenhower refused to support the integration of blacks into white society and culture.
massive retaliation- It was not very effective as the US would not use its nuclear weapons over minute conflicts, such as the rebellion in Hungary.
military-industrial complex- A symbiotic relationship between a nation's military, economy, and politics.
Brown v. Board of Education- It reversed the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson and stated that seperate was no equal.
Geneva Conference- It was where Gorbachev and Reagan met during the Cold War to discuss international diplomatic relations and the arms race.
South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)- An organization consisting of eight countries whose main goal was to defend against communism.
Hungarian Revolt- It was a nationwide revolution against the Soviet controlled government that occurred from October 23 to its fail on November 10, 1956.
Suez Crisis- The incident occurred when President Nasser of Egypt sought money to build a dam
on the Nile. America and Britain offered financial aid but rescinded once Nasser began to conspire with communists.
Eisenhower Doctrine- It pledged US military and economic aid to Middle Eastern nations threatened by communist aggression.
Sputnik- It was launched into space by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. This led to the US being pressured into sending their own aircraft into space.
National Defense and Education Act — (NDEA)- It was passed in response to the growing comparison of the US to the Soviet Union. It authorized $887 million in loans to college students.
U-2 Incident- On May 1, 1960, an American U-2 Spy Plane was shot down while flying over the Soviet Union. Once the plane’s contents were revealed, America was forced to admit that the plane’s purpose was to surveillance the Soviet Union.
Chapter #37 Guided Reading Questions
Affluence and Its Anxieties
Know: IBM, Information Age, Ozzie and Harriet, The Feminine Mystique
1. What was life like for women in the 1950's?
With the shift in jobs from blue collar to white collar workers occured, more oppotunities were opened up to women. Women filled jobs in clerical and service work.
Consumer Culture in the Fifties
Know: Diner's Club, McDonald's, Disneyland, Television, Elvis Presley, Marilyn Monroe, Playboy, The Affluent Society
2. How was popular culture changing and reflecting America?
There was a huge expnasion of the middle class and as a result consumer culture. DIner's club introduced the plastic credit card a year after the first McDonald's opened. These were representatice of the emerging new lifestyle of leisure and affluence.
The Advent of Eisenhower
Know: Adlai E. Stevenson, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Checkers Speech
3. Describe the 1952 presidential election.
Democrats nominated Adlai E. Stevenson and Republicans nominated Dwight D. Eisenhower. Eisenhower's vice president was Nixon. Nixon attacked his opponent, accusing him of coddling communists. With the popularity of the television, politicians began appearing more frequently to appeal to voters.
The Rise and Fall of Joseph McCarthy
Know: Joseph McCarthy
4. Joseph McCarthy may have been more dangerous to our form of government than any communists who might have been in the country. Explain.
McCarthy accused people of being communists without having any real proof that they actually were. His actions damaged America's freedom of speech.
Desegregating American Society
Know: Jim Crow Laws, Emmett Till, Jackie Robinson, NAACP, Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks, Montgomery Bus Boycott, Martin Luther King Jr.
5. What conditions in the South brought about the beginnings of the Civil Rights movement?
Jim Crow laws pervaded African American life. Blacks in teh South attended segregated schools but were forced to use separate public toilets, drinking fountains, restaurants, adn waiting rooms.
Seeds of the Civil Rights Revolution
Know: Earl Warren, Brown v. Board of Education, All Deliberate Speed, Little Rock Central High School, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Sit-ins, Student Non-Violent Coordinating
Committee
6. Why was Brown v. Board of Education a landmark case?
It reversed the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson adn stated that seperate was not equal.
Makers of America: The Great African-American Migration
7. Why did African Americans move north and west in the 1930's and 40's?
There were more opportunities for African Americans in the north and west. Social acceptance of blacks was also more abundant in these areas.
Eisenhower Republicanism at Home
Know: Dynamic Conservatism, Creeping Socialism, Interstate Highway Act, AFL-CIO
8. Did Eisenhower live up to his philosophy of dynamic conservatism?
Eisenhower cut back on Truman's military buildup. He supported th etransfer of control over offshore oil fields from the federal government to individual states. He condemned socialized medicine. He pragmatically accepted and legitimated many new deal programs.
A “New Look” in Foreign Policy
Know: John Foster Dulles, Strategic Air Command, Massive Retaliation, Military-industrial Complex
9. Was Eisenhower's policy of massive retaliation effective? Explain.
Eisenhower pursue a policy of boldness in which he relegated the army and navy to teh backseat and built up an airfleet of superbombers. It was not very effective as the new Soviet leader, Nikita Krushchev rejected Eisenhower's call for an open skies mutual inspection program.
The Vietnam Nightmare
Know: Ho Chi Minh, Dienbienphu, Ngo Dinh Diem, Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
10. How did the United States get involved in Vietnam?
Vietnam became increasingly communist as the US became increasingly anticommunist. The French were under pressure from Viet Minh guerrilla pressure which led to the US enforcing their policy of boldness and intervening.
Cold War Crises in Europe and the Middle East
Know: Shah of Iran, Gamal Abdel Nasser, The Suez Crisis, Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Country
11. Why was the U.S. concerned about problems in the Middle East?
The US was concerned over the government of Iran being influenced by the Kremlin. Tension also mounted with the Suez Crisis in Egypt once Britain and France launched a joint attack on Egypt that ultimately failed because the US refused to provide them with oil.
Round Two for "Ike"
Know: Teamsters, Jimmy Hoffa, Landrum-Griffin Act, , Missile Gap, National Defense and Education Act
12. What labor problems became evident during Eisenhower's second term?
Congressional investigations produced scandalout revelations of gangsterism, fraud, and brass knuckled tactics in many Amercian labor unions. The Landrum-Griffin Act was passed in 1959 and was designed to bring labor leaders to book for financial activities and to prevent bullying tactics. It also prohibited certain forms of picketing.
The Continuing Cold War
Know: U-2 Spy Plane
13. Describe efforts at disarmament during the Eisenhower administration.
After performing expirements that resulted in massive pollution, the Soviets stopped their testing and urged teh US to do so too. Krushchev appeared before the UN General Assembly to call for disarmament.
Cuba's Castroism Spells Communism
Know: Fulgencio Batista, Fidel Castro
14. Why was revolution in Cuba such a concern to America?
Castro was anti US while Batista had been pro US. The close proximity of Cuba to the US raised concerns in the US as Castro grew closer to Krushchev.
Kennedy Challenges Nixon for the Presidency
Know: Richard Nixon, Kitchen Debate, John Kennedy, New Frontier
15. Was Nixon a good presidential candidate in 1960?
He was more practiced than he was as a vice presidential nominee. He candidly defeated Khruschev in a kitchen debate in Moscow.
An Old General Fades Away
Know: Alaska, Hawaii
16. Evaluate Eisenhower's presidency.
He was very popular with the people. America was prosperous under Eisenhower in terms of domestic construction programs. Alaska and Hawaii were also admitted as states during his presidency. However, he did not take advantage of his popularity to aid the civil rights cause.
The Life of the Mind in Postwar America
Know: Catch-22, Arthur Miller, Catcher in the Rye, George Orwell
17. What do the books and plays of the post-war period say about the times in which they were produced?
Searing realism characterized the earliest novels that portrayed soldierly life in World War 2. As time passed, authors began to focus on the war in fantastic and psychedelic prose. The dilemmas created by movility and affluence in American culture were also adressed in literature.
Earl Warren- He was the chief justice of the Supreme Court. He tackled issues such as segregation, which led to the case of Brown v. Board of Education.
Rosa Parks- She was arrested for not giving up her seat on a bus to a white person.
Ho Chi Minh- He was the communist leader of the Democratic Republic party of Vietnam.
Ngo Dinh Diem- He was the pro-western leader of the southern half of Vietnam, divided at the seventeenth parallel.
Gamal Abdel Nasser- He was the president of Egypt during the Suez crisis.
Nikita Khruschev- He was the leader of the Soviet Union after Stalin.
Fidel Castro- He led a revolt that overthrew the pro US leadership of Batista. Many Cubans fled to the US following Castro coming into power.
Desegregation / integration- Eisenhower refused to support the integration of blacks into white society and culture.
massive retaliation- It was not very effective as the US would not use its nuclear weapons over minute conflicts, such as the rebellion in Hungary.
military-industrial complex- A symbiotic relationship between a nation's military, economy, and politics.
Brown v. Board of Education- It reversed the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson and stated that seperate was no equal.
Geneva Conference- It was where Gorbachev and Reagan met during the Cold War to discuss international diplomatic relations and the arms race.
South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)- An organization consisting of eight countries whose main goal was to defend against communism.
Hungarian Revolt- It was a nationwide revolution against the Soviet controlled government that occurred from October 23 to its fail on November 10, 1956.
Suez Crisis- The incident occurred when President Nasser of Egypt sought money to build a dam
on the Nile. America and Britain offered financial aid but rescinded once Nasser began to conspire with communists.
Eisenhower Doctrine- It pledged US military and economic aid to Middle Eastern nations threatened by communist aggression.
Sputnik- It was launched into space by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. This led to the US being pressured into sending their own aircraft into space.
National Defense and Education Act — (NDEA)- It was passed in response to the growing comparison of the US to the Soviet Union. It authorized $887 million in loans to college students.
U-2 Incident- On May 1, 1960, an American U-2 Spy Plane was shot down while flying over the Soviet Union. Once the plane’s contents were revealed, America was forced to admit that the plane’s purpose was to surveillance the Soviet Union.
Chapter #37 Guided Reading Questions
Affluence and Its Anxieties
Know: IBM, Information Age, Ozzie and Harriet, The Feminine Mystique
1. What was life like for women in the 1950's?
With the shift in jobs from blue collar to white collar workers occured, more oppotunities were opened up to women. Women filled jobs in clerical and service work.
Consumer Culture in the Fifties
Know: Diner's Club, McDonald's, Disneyland, Television, Elvis Presley, Marilyn Monroe, Playboy, The Affluent Society
2. How was popular culture changing and reflecting America?
There was a huge expnasion of the middle class and as a result consumer culture. DIner's club introduced the plastic credit card a year after the first McDonald's opened. These were representatice of the emerging new lifestyle of leisure and affluence.
The Advent of Eisenhower
Know: Adlai E. Stevenson, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Checkers Speech
3. Describe the 1952 presidential election.
Democrats nominated Adlai E. Stevenson and Republicans nominated Dwight D. Eisenhower. Eisenhower's vice president was Nixon. Nixon attacked his opponent, accusing him of coddling communists. With the popularity of the television, politicians began appearing more frequently to appeal to voters.
The Rise and Fall of Joseph McCarthy
Know: Joseph McCarthy
4. Joseph McCarthy may have been more dangerous to our form of government than any communists who might have been in the country. Explain.
McCarthy accused people of being communists without having any real proof that they actually were. His actions damaged America's freedom of speech.
Desegregating American Society
Know: Jim Crow Laws, Emmett Till, Jackie Robinson, NAACP, Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks, Montgomery Bus Boycott, Martin Luther King Jr.
5. What conditions in the South brought about the beginnings of the Civil Rights movement?
Jim Crow laws pervaded African American life. Blacks in teh South attended segregated schools but were forced to use separate public toilets, drinking fountains, restaurants, adn waiting rooms.
Seeds of the Civil Rights Revolution
Know: Earl Warren, Brown v. Board of Education, All Deliberate Speed, Little Rock Central High School, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Sit-ins, Student Non-Violent Coordinating
Committee
6. Why was Brown v. Board of Education a landmark case?
It reversed the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson adn stated that seperate was not equal.
Makers of America: The Great African-American Migration
7. Why did African Americans move north and west in the 1930's and 40's?
There were more opportunities for African Americans in the north and west. Social acceptance of blacks was also more abundant in these areas.
Eisenhower Republicanism at Home
Know: Dynamic Conservatism, Creeping Socialism, Interstate Highway Act, AFL-CIO
8. Did Eisenhower live up to his philosophy of dynamic conservatism?
Eisenhower cut back on Truman's military buildup. He supported th etransfer of control over offshore oil fields from the federal government to individual states. He condemned socialized medicine. He pragmatically accepted and legitimated many new deal programs.
A “New Look” in Foreign Policy
Know: John Foster Dulles, Strategic Air Command, Massive Retaliation, Military-industrial Complex
9. Was Eisenhower's policy of massive retaliation effective? Explain.
Eisenhower pursue a policy of boldness in which he relegated the army and navy to teh backseat and built up an airfleet of superbombers. It was not very effective as the new Soviet leader, Nikita Krushchev rejected Eisenhower's call for an open skies mutual inspection program.
The Vietnam Nightmare
Know: Ho Chi Minh, Dienbienphu, Ngo Dinh Diem, Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
10. How did the United States get involved in Vietnam?
Vietnam became increasingly communist as the US became increasingly anticommunist. The French were under pressure from Viet Minh guerrilla pressure which led to the US enforcing their policy of boldness and intervening.
Cold War Crises in Europe and the Middle East
Know: Shah of Iran, Gamal Abdel Nasser, The Suez Crisis, Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Country
11. Why was the U.S. concerned about problems in the Middle East?
The US was concerned over the government of Iran being influenced by the Kremlin. Tension also mounted with the Suez Crisis in Egypt once Britain and France launched a joint attack on Egypt that ultimately failed because the US refused to provide them with oil.
Round Two for "Ike"
Know: Teamsters, Jimmy Hoffa, Landrum-Griffin Act, , Missile Gap, National Defense and Education Act
12. What labor problems became evident during Eisenhower's second term?
Congressional investigations produced scandalout revelations of gangsterism, fraud, and brass knuckled tactics in many Amercian labor unions. The Landrum-Griffin Act was passed in 1959 and was designed to bring labor leaders to book for financial activities and to prevent bullying tactics. It also prohibited certain forms of picketing.
The Continuing Cold War
Know: U-2 Spy Plane
13. Describe efforts at disarmament during the Eisenhower administration.
After performing expirements that resulted in massive pollution, the Soviets stopped their testing and urged teh US to do so too. Krushchev appeared before the UN General Assembly to call for disarmament.
Cuba's Castroism Spells Communism
Know: Fulgencio Batista, Fidel Castro
14. Why was revolution in Cuba such a concern to America?
Castro was anti US while Batista had been pro US. The close proximity of Cuba to the US raised concerns in the US as Castro grew closer to Krushchev.
Kennedy Challenges Nixon for the Presidency
Know: Richard Nixon, Kitchen Debate, John Kennedy, New Frontier
15. Was Nixon a good presidential candidate in 1960?
He was more practiced than he was as a vice presidential nominee. He candidly defeated Khruschev in a kitchen debate in Moscow.
An Old General Fades Away
Know: Alaska, Hawaii
16. Evaluate Eisenhower's presidency.
He was very popular with the people. America was prosperous under Eisenhower in terms of domestic construction programs. Alaska and Hawaii were also admitted as states during his presidency. However, he did not take advantage of his popularity to aid the civil rights cause.
The Life of the Mind in Postwar America
Know: Catch-22, Arthur Miller, Catcher in the Rye, George Orwell
17. What do the books and plays of the post-war period say about the times in which they were produced?
Searing realism characterized the earliest novels that portrayed soldierly life in World War 2. As time passed, authors began to focus on the war in fantastic and psychedelic prose. The dilemmas created by movility and affluence in American culture were also adressed in literature.