Chapter #39 IDENTIFICATIONS
Spiro Agnew- He was the Vice President under Nixon. He resigned for extortion and bribery charges,
Henry Kissinger- He met secretly with North Vietnamese officials to negotiate peace. He was Secretary of State and aided the Israelis, who were under attack from Syrians and Egyptians.
Earl Warren- He was a Supreme Court judge who led the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education.
Warren Burger- He was the conservative Supreme Court chief justice who
succeeded Warren.
George McGovern- He was the Democratic candidate in the presidential election of 1972. He appealed to antiwar supporters, racial minorities, feminists, leftists, and the youth.
John Dean- He accused top officials, including the president of covering up the Watergate scandal
Shah of Iran- He was installed with the help of the CIA.
Aytollah Khomeini- He was the Iranian religious leader of the Shiites; when Shah Pahlavi's regime fell Khomeini established a new constitution giving himself supreme powers.
Détente- It was Kennedy's policy towards the Soviets for peace.
Vietnamization- It was Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war. It involved a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces.
Nixon Doctrine- It was a policy that stated the US would honor current defense commitments, but in the future other nations would fight their own wars without the aid from the US.
My Lai massacre- Hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians by American soldiers during the Vietnam War.
Kent State Killings- An Ohio University where National Guardsmen opened
fire on students protesting the Vietnam War.
Pentagon Papers- Government documents that showed the public had been
lied to about the status of the war in Vietnam.
S.A.L.T- It was designed to limit both countries' stock of nuclear weapons.
Watergate Scandal- A scandal that occured when five men from CREEP were arrested trying to bug the Democratic party headquarters.
C.R.E.E.P- The Republican Committee for the Reelection of the President.
War Powers Act- It was passed over Nixon's veto and required the president to report to Congress within 48 hours after committing troops to a foreign conflict or substantially enlarging American combat units in a foreign country.
OPEC- The Operation for Petroleum Exporting Countries.
Iran Hostage Crisis- A group of anti-American Muslim militants stormed the US embassy in Tehran, taking all occupants hostage and demanding the return of the exiled Iranian shah.
Chapter #39 Guided Reading Questions
Sources of Stagnation
Know: Productivity, Inflation
1. Dcribe the economic problems faced by the United States in the 1970s.
After the economic growth in the 1950s and 1960s, the U.S. economy grew stagnant in the 1970s.
Nixon "Vietnamizes" the War
Know: iberal Establishment, Vietnamization, Silent Majority, Nattering abobs
of Negativism, My Lai
2. What was President Nixon’s plan for getting the US out of Vietnam?
He pursued the policy of "Vietnamization" in which 540,000 American troops would be pulled out of the Southeast Asian nation and the war would be turned back over to the Vietnamese.
Cambodianizing the Vietnam War
Know:Cambodia, Kent State University, Twenty-sixth Amendment, Pentagon
Papers, Daniel Ellsberg
3.What developments caused many people to become even more critical of the war in 1970and 1971?
North Vietnamese had been using Cambodia as a springboard for funneling troops and arms along the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
Nixon's Detente with Beijing (Peking) and Moscow
Know:Henry Kissinger, Détente, ABM Treaty, SALT Treaty, MIRVs
4.What was the “China Card,” and how did Nixon use it?
China and the Soviet Union were fighting over interpretations of Marxism, and Nixon seized this as a chance for the U.S. to relax tensions and establish "détente."
A New Team on the Supreme Bench
KnowJudicial Activism, Miranda, Engel v. Vitale, Warren Berger, Roe v. Wade
5.Why was Nixon unhappy with the Supreme Court?
When Earl Warren was appointed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, he headed many controversial but important decisions.
Nixon on the Home Front
Know:Aid the Families with Dependent Children, Reverse Discrimination,
Environmental Protection AgencyOccupational ealth and Safety dministration, Silent Spring, Clean Air Act, Endangered Species Act, Southern
Strategy
6. How conservative was President Nixon? Explain.
The Environmental Protection Agency was created to protect nature, as well as OSHA.
The Nixon Landslide of 1972
Know:George McGovern
7. How did the situation in Vietnam help Nixon win a landslide in the 1972 election?
Nixon ordered massive retaliatory air attacks, which ground the Vietnamese
offense to a stop when neither China nor Russia stepped in to help.
The Secret Bombing of Cambodia and the War Powers Act
Know: Pol Pot, War Powers Act
8. What did Cambodia have to do with the War Powers Act?
It was discovered that there had been secret bombing raids of North Vietnamese forces in Cambodia that had occurred since March of 1969.
Bombing North Vietnam to the Peace Table
9. "The shaky `peace' was in reality little more than a thinly disguised American retreat." Explain.
The War Powers Act of November 1973 required the president to report all commitments of U.S. troops to Congress within 48 hours
The Arab Oil Embargo and the Energy Crisis
Know: OPEC
10. Explain the cause and effects of the Arab Oil Embargo.
After the U.S. backed Israel in its war against Syria and Egypt Arab nations imposed an oil embargo, which strictly limited oil in the U.S. and led to a fuel crisis.
Watergate and the Unmaking of a President
Know: Watergate, CREEP, Enemies List, Plumbers, John Dean, Executive
Privilege, Spiro Agnew, Gerald
Ford, Saturday Night Massacre
11. Of what wrongdoing was the Nixon administration guilty?
Five men working for the Republican Committee for the Re-election of the
President were caught breaking into the Watergate Hotel and planting
bugs in the room.
The First Unelected President
12. Did President do the right thing when he pardoned Nixon? Explain.
His popularity and respect diminished when he issued a full pardon of Nixon.
Defeat in Vietnam
13. What was the cost (not in just money) of the Vietnam War?
When America withdrew from the war, the entire world seemed to look upon them with disdain.
Feminist Victories and Defeats
Know: Title IX, ERA, Roe v. Wade
15. Why did the Equal Rights Amendment fail?
Phyllis Schlafly led other women against ERA.. They argued that it would mean that women would have to fight in combat.
Makers of America: The Vietnamese
16. What difficulties did Vietnamese immigrants experience when they came to America?
South Vietnamese immigrants faced resentment by Americans as a result of the highly unpopular war.
The Seventies in Black and White
Know: Desegregation, white flight, affirmative action, United States v. Wheeler
17. Explain the significance of the Bakke case.
A white person claimed reverse discrimination. The ultimate decision was also unclear.
The Bicentennial Campaign and the Carter Victory
Know: Jimmy Carter
18. Why did Jimmy Carter win the presidency in 1976?
He promised to never lie to the American people.
Makers of America: The Feminists
19. Compare and contrast the first and second feminist waves.
The Second Wave was Communism trying to end the institutions and the foundation of Western society.
Carter's Humanitarian Diplomacy
Know: Anwar Sadat, Menachem Begin, Camp David Accords
20. Describe Carter's foreign policy achievements.
Carter was a champion for human rights, particularly in South Africa. Carter also pledged to return the Panama Canal to Panama by the year 2000.
Economic and Energy Woes
Know: Shah of Iran
21. How did Carter react to the renewed energy crisis?
He called for legislation to improve energy conservation, but the people opposed him.
Foreign Affairs and the Iranian Imbroglio
Know: Leonid Brezhnev, SALT II, Ayatollah Khomeini, Afghanistan, Hostage
Crisis
22. What foreign policy problems plagued the second half of Carter's presidency?
Carter signed the SALT II agreements with Soviet Union, but the U.S. Senate refused to ratify it.
Spiro Agnew- He was the Vice President under Nixon. He resigned for extortion and bribery charges,
Henry Kissinger- He met secretly with North Vietnamese officials to negotiate peace. He was Secretary of State and aided the Israelis, who were under attack from Syrians and Egyptians.
Earl Warren- He was a Supreme Court judge who led the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education.
Warren Burger- He was the conservative Supreme Court chief justice who
succeeded Warren.
George McGovern- He was the Democratic candidate in the presidential election of 1972. He appealed to antiwar supporters, racial minorities, feminists, leftists, and the youth.
John Dean- He accused top officials, including the president of covering up the Watergate scandal
Shah of Iran- He was installed with the help of the CIA.
Aytollah Khomeini- He was the Iranian religious leader of the Shiites; when Shah Pahlavi's regime fell Khomeini established a new constitution giving himself supreme powers.
Détente- It was Kennedy's policy towards the Soviets for peace.
Vietnamization- It was Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war. It involved a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces.
Nixon Doctrine- It was a policy that stated the US would honor current defense commitments, but in the future other nations would fight their own wars without the aid from the US.
My Lai massacre- Hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians by American soldiers during the Vietnam War.
Kent State Killings- An Ohio University where National Guardsmen opened
fire on students protesting the Vietnam War.
Pentagon Papers- Government documents that showed the public had been
lied to about the status of the war in Vietnam.
S.A.L.T- It was designed to limit both countries' stock of nuclear weapons.
Watergate Scandal- A scandal that occured when five men from CREEP were arrested trying to bug the Democratic party headquarters.
C.R.E.E.P- The Republican Committee for the Reelection of the President.
War Powers Act- It was passed over Nixon's veto and required the president to report to Congress within 48 hours after committing troops to a foreign conflict or substantially enlarging American combat units in a foreign country.
OPEC- The Operation for Petroleum Exporting Countries.
Iran Hostage Crisis- A group of anti-American Muslim militants stormed the US embassy in Tehran, taking all occupants hostage and demanding the return of the exiled Iranian shah.
Chapter #39 Guided Reading Questions
Sources of Stagnation
Know: Productivity, Inflation
1. Dcribe the economic problems faced by the United States in the 1970s.
After the economic growth in the 1950s and 1960s, the U.S. economy grew stagnant in the 1970s.
Nixon "Vietnamizes" the War
Know: iberal Establishment, Vietnamization, Silent Majority, Nattering abobs
of Negativism, My Lai
2. What was President Nixon’s plan for getting the US out of Vietnam?
He pursued the policy of "Vietnamization" in which 540,000 American troops would be pulled out of the Southeast Asian nation and the war would be turned back over to the Vietnamese.
Cambodianizing the Vietnam War
Know:Cambodia, Kent State University, Twenty-sixth Amendment, Pentagon
Papers, Daniel Ellsberg
3.What developments caused many people to become even more critical of the war in 1970and 1971?
North Vietnamese had been using Cambodia as a springboard for funneling troops and arms along the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
Nixon's Detente with Beijing (Peking) and Moscow
Know:Henry Kissinger, Détente, ABM Treaty, SALT Treaty, MIRVs
4.What was the “China Card,” and how did Nixon use it?
China and the Soviet Union were fighting over interpretations of Marxism, and Nixon seized this as a chance for the U.S. to relax tensions and establish "détente."
A New Team on the Supreme Bench
KnowJudicial Activism, Miranda, Engel v. Vitale, Warren Berger, Roe v. Wade
5.Why was Nixon unhappy with the Supreme Court?
When Earl Warren was appointed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, he headed many controversial but important decisions.
Nixon on the Home Front
Know:Aid the Families with Dependent Children, Reverse Discrimination,
Environmental Protection AgencyOccupational ealth and Safety dministration, Silent Spring, Clean Air Act, Endangered Species Act, Southern
Strategy
6. How conservative was President Nixon? Explain.
The Environmental Protection Agency was created to protect nature, as well as OSHA.
The Nixon Landslide of 1972
Know:George McGovern
7. How did the situation in Vietnam help Nixon win a landslide in the 1972 election?
Nixon ordered massive retaliatory air attacks, which ground the Vietnamese
offense to a stop when neither China nor Russia stepped in to help.
The Secret Bombing of Cambodia and the War Powers Act
Know: Pol Pot, War Powers Act
8. What did Cambodia have to do with the War Powers Act?
It was discovered that there had been secret bombing raids of North Vietnamese forces in Cambodia that had occurred since March of 1969.
Bombing North Vietnam to the Peace Table
9. "The shaky `peace' was in reality little more than a thinly disguised American retreat." Explain.
The War Powers Act of November 1973 required the president to report all commitments of U.S. troops to Congress within 48 hours
The Arab Oil Embargo and the Energy Crisis
Know: OPEC
10. Explain the cause and effects of the Arab Oil Embargo.
After the U.S. backed Israel in its war against Syria and Egypt Arab nations imposed an oil embargo, which strictly limited oil in the U.S. and led to a fuel crisis.
Watergate and the Unmaking of a President
Know: Watergate, CREEP, Enemies List, Plumbers, John Dean, Executive
Privilege, Spiro Agnew, Gerald
Ford, Saturday Night Massacre
11. Of what wrongdoing was the Nixon administration guilty?
Five men working for the Republican Committee for the Re-election of the
President were caught breaking into the Watergate Hotel and planting
bugs in the room.
The First Unelected President
12. Did President do the right thing when he pardoned Nixon? Explain.
His popularity and respect diminished when he issued a full pardon of Nixon.
Defeat in Vietnam
13. What was the cost (not in just money) of the Vietnam War?
When America withdrew from the war, the entire world seemed to look upon them with disdain.
Feminist Victories and Defeats
Know: Title IX, ERA, Roe v. Wade
15. Why did the Equal Rights Amendment fail?
Phyllis Schlafly led other women against ERA.. They argued that it would mean that women would have to fight in combat.
Makers of America: The Vietnamese
16. What difficulties did Vietnamese immigrants experience when they came to America?
South Vietnamese immigrants faced resentment by Americans as a result of the highly unpopular war.
The Seventies in Black and White
Know: Desegregation, white flight, affirmative action, United States v. Wheeler
17. Explain the significance of the Bakke case.
A white person claimed reverse discrimination. The ultimate decision was also unclear.
The Bicentennial Campaign and the Carter Victory
Know: Jimmy Carter
18. Why did Jimmy Carter win the presidency in 1976?
He promised to never lie to the American people.
Makers of America: The Feminists
19. Compare and contrast the first and second feminist waves.
The Second Wave was Communism trying to end the institutions and the foundation of Western society.
Carter's Humanitarian Diplomacy
Know: Anwar Sadat, Menachem Begin, Camp David Accords
20. Describe Carter's foreign policy achievements.
Carter was a champion for human rights, particularly in South Africa. Carter also pledged to return the Panama Canal to Panama by the year 2000.
Economic and Energy Woes
Know: Shah of Iran
21. How did Carter react to the renewed energy crisis?
He called for legislation to improve energy conservation, but the people opposed him.
Foreign Affairs and the Iranian Imbroglio
Know: Leonid Brezhnev, SALT II, Ayatollah Khomeini, Afghanistan, Hostage
Crisis
22. What foreign policy problems plagued the second half of Carter's presidency?
Carter signed the SALT II agreements with Soviet Union, but the U.S. Senate refused to ratify it.